Luca Graverini's History and Literature of Rome Interactive Chronology, 550 BCE - 400 CE
753 BCE: traditional founding date of Rome under Romulus; Iron Age settlement on the Palatine Hill
509 BCE: expulsion of L. Tarquinius Superbus by L. Iunius Brutus; end of the regal period & establishment of the Republic
451-450 BCE: publication of the Twelve Tables
264-41 BCE: First Punic War (Rome vs. Carthage)
240 BCE: first play based on Greek model performed in Rome by Livius Andronicus
218-201 BCE: Second Punic War
202 BCE: Scipio Africanus defeats Carthaginians at Zama
184 BCE: Cato the Elder's censorship; death of Plautus
168 BCE: Battle of Pydna
159 BCE: death of Terence
149-146 BCE: Third Punic War
146 BCE: Mummius sacks Corinth; Carthage defeated
106 BCE: birth of Cicero
94-54 BCE: life of Lucretius
91-87 BCE: Social War (Rome vs. Italian allies)
84-54 BCE: life of Catullus
82 BCE: Sulla victorious at the Colline Gate, proscriptions follow
70 BCE: birth of Vergil
63 BCE: birth of Octavian; Cicero consul; conspiracy of Catiline
60 BCE: so-called First Triumvirate (Caesar, Pompey, Crassus)
55 BCE: Pompey dedicates first permanent theater at Rome; Caesar invades England
54 BCE: death of Catullus
54-47 BCE: birth of Propertius some time here
49 BCE: Caesar crosses the Rubicon, civil war with Pompey
48 BCE: Pompey defeated at Pharsalus and killed in Egypt
46 BCE: Victory of Caesar at Thapsus, suicide of Cato the Younger, Caesar triumphs in Rome
45 BCE: Caesar adopts Octavian and makes him his heir; last of Pompeians defeated at Munda
44 BCE: Caesar named Dictator for life, assassinated on Ides of March; Octavian returns from Greece; Cicero delivers first of his Philippics
43 BCE: defeat of Antony at Mutina; Triumvirate of Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus; murder of Cicero
43 BCE-CE 17: life of Ovid
42 BCE: Julius Caesar deified; Brutus & Cassius defeated at Philippi; proscriptions and settling of veterans on confiscated land begin
41 BCE: Perusine War
37 BCE: Pact of Tarentum; Antony marries Cleopatra
31 BCE: Octavian with aid of Agrippa defeats Antony at Actium
30 BCE: suicides of Antony & Cleopatra
c. 30-19 BCE: Vergil composing Aeneid
29 BCE: Octavian's triple triumph; temple of Janus closed
28 BCE: restitution of temples and religious ceremonies by Octavian
27 BCE: Octavian hailed as Augustus; magistrates and constitution formally restored
23 BCE: publication of Books I-III of Horace's Odes; death of Marcellus (Augustus' heir)
19 BCE: death of Vergil and Tibullus
14 BCE: death of Sulpicia
9 BCE: dedication of the Ara Pacis
2 BCE: Augustus named pater patriae
14 CE: death of Augustus
17 CE: death of the historian Livy
56 CE: birth of the historian Tacitus
64 CE: great fire at Rome (during reign of Nero)
65 CE: Seneca forced to commit suicide
66 CE: Petronius forced to commit suicide
70 CE: birth of the imperial biographer Suetonius
80 CE: inauguration of the Flavian Amphitheater (i.e. "Colosseum")
98-117 CE: reign of Trajan; beginnings of the so-called Pax Romana
117-38 CE: reign of Hadrian
120-130 CE: Juvenal working on first five books of his satires
125 CE: birth of Apuleius
161-180 CE: reign of Marcus Aurelius
312 CE: Constantine defeats Maxentius at the Mulvian Bridge
360-3 CE: Julian emperor
395 CE: death of the emperor Theodosius, division of empire
410 CE: Visogoths capture Rome
430 CE: Death of Augustine of Hippo
453 CE: death of Atilla, king of the Huns
455 CE: Vandals sack Rome
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Map A: Italy & Sicily
Map B: Topography of Rome
Map C: Topography of Rome
Map D: Peoples of Italy (c. 500 BCE)
Map E: Languages of Italy
Map F: Growth of Empire (Julius Caesar to Marcus Aurelius)
Map G: the Empire under Hadrian
Map H: the Roman Empire at its Greatest Extent
Map I: Greece and its Environs
Map A: Italy & Sicily
Map B: Rome and its Environs
Map C: Topography of Rome
Map D: Peoples of Italy (c. 500 BCE)
Map E: Languages of Italy
Map F: Growth of Empire (Julius Caesar to Marcus Aurelius)
Map G: the Empire under Hadrian
Map H: the Roman Empire at its Greatest Extent
Map I: Greece and its Environs
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